Pernikahan Usia Dini dengan Kejadian Stunting dan Bonus Demografi: Literatur Review

Early Marriage with Stunting Events and a Demographic Dividend: Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Birth rates affect population growth and are closely related to the age of marriage. Early marriage increases health risks and impacts the quality of the generation, including stunting. In Indonesia, stunting cases rose from 23,700 to 34,000, which can threaten the readiness of the golden generation in the future. Objective: to determine the relationship between early marriage and stunting and the demographic bonus. Methods: This article was compiled using a literature review method using sources from Google Scholar and PubMed. A Google Scholar search using the keywords "early marriage and stunting" for the period 2017–2022 yielded 735 articles. Meanwhile, PubMed used the keywords "early marriage" and "stunting" with free full-text criteria for the period 2018–2022, resulting in 10 articles. Results: Early marriage has an effect on stunting. Marriage that occurs in adolescence or early marriage under 18 years of age is a direct and indirect cause of stunting in children and affects the opportunity for a demographic bonus due to the low quality of human resources so that they are unable to compete in the job market, resulting in low economic growth. Conclusion: Early marriage is a factor causing stunting and is one of the factors inhibiting the demographic bonus. Government policies regarding marriage need to be viewed from a health aspect by considering the recommendations of the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) regarding the ideal age for marriage.